Thanks for these! #1 is tricky to fix, unfortunately, since most of those actions involve some sort of extra bit of user interface (a window or an Input Field or whatever) which doesn't work the same way in that popup definition screen - we may eventually revise the user interface (per #3) to let you have multiple popups etc on top of each other, but that probably won't happen until 2.1 or 3.0, so for now the popup window has to be somewhat more limited than the main dictionary.
Good point about type sizes in #2, that's certainly something people should be able to change. #4 is difficult because we'd have to keep a record of every flashcard's previous score in order to be able to restore it / alter it differently if you go back and change it - also creates some other issues, like what we do with cards that appear in a session more than once, so not an easy thing to add.
The two back buttons in #5 are there because we want to have a back button right next to the forward button (and the go-back-to-current-card button) - I suppose it might be a cleaner interface to put back/forward alone on the right and change the back button go the go-back-to-the-current-card button, but then you'd be in the odd situation of tapping on a button once to go back and then tapping on it again to go forward, so I'm not sure if that would actually be an improvement over the current interface. Dedicated back and forward buttons might help but that creates some space problems if you've got a lot of other buttons.
The text "Done" button in Char Info is there for consistency with other dialogs - it's also a bit clearer than the stop sign, we use that in the popup definition / flashcard windows mainly due to space constraints. (which is why there's a regular text "Done" button in the popup if you haven't added an input field to it) The cutoff clock in #9 has been a problem for a while, but to fix it we'd have to resize those three top fields based on the size of the text in them, so it's the sort of bug that's not really worth the effort to fix. Good point on #10, seems to only affect large fonts (which is probably why it wasn't reported before) but should be easy to fix.
That's great news about the Tuttle flashcards in #11 - if we'd had the idea for that fix earlier we would have put it in 2.0.0, but at least it's working correctly now. #12 would be very difficult to change so I'm glad you prefer it this way

The (r)s in #13 certainly could be restored if we add that use-all-text-from-dictionary-definition option I mentioned in an earlier post - that option would also have partially fixed the Tuttle definition issue, actually, since the headword / Pinyin would then have matched the definition, so probably a good idea anyway.
On #14, the current iPhone design has 9 buttons, language and "history" on top next to the search field and either dictionary / charset / edit entry / list mode / menu or dictionary / charset / add to flash / audio / menu on the bottom (depending on whether you're looking at a list or an entry) - add to flash and edit entry won't be in the initial, flashcard-free iPhone release but they'll be added with the later flashcard-enabling update. So mostly the same ones you listed - eraser is replaced by the clear button built into iPhone text input fields, copy-to-input works a little differently due to the lack of normal text selection, and the start-session screen should be reachable in one tap after you tap on the menu button.